主要功能
单独或同步测量叶绿素荧光和 P700
两个光系统的诱导动力学曲线（包括快相和慢相）
两个光系统的快速光曲线和光响应曲线
淬灭分析、暗驰豫分析
典型的 P700 曲线测量
通过叶绿素荧光和 P700 的同步测量获知两个光系统的电子传递动力学、电子载体库的大小、围绕 PSI 的环式电子传递动力学等
通过测量 P515/535 信号变化测量跨膜质子动力势 pmf 及其组分跨膜质子梯度 ΔpH 和跨膜电位 Δψ
“P515 Flux”信号能原位反映活体样品处于稳态的偶联电子和质子的流动速率
通过测量 NADPH 荧光估算 NADP 的还原程度
通过测量 9-AA 荧光来估算跨膜质子梯度 ΔpH
测量参数
PS II参数： Fo, Fm, F, Fm’, Fv/Fm, Y(II) 即 △F/Fm’, Fo’, qP, qL, qN, NPQ, Y(NPQ), Y(NO) 和 ETR(II) 等
PS I参数： P700, Pm, Pm’, P700ox, Y(I), Y(ND), Y(NA) 和 ETR(I) 等
P515/535参数：质子动力势pmf，跨膜质子梯度 ΔpH，跨膜电位 Δψ 等
NADPH/9-AA参数：NADP 的还原程度，ΔpH 等
其他测量参数：Post-Illumination（鼓包），PQ-Pool（PQ库）等
应用领域
相当于两台 PAM-101/ 102/ 103 的功能，可同时测量光系统II活性（调制叶绿素荧光）和光系统I活性（P700 吸收变化），可用于、植物生理学、农学、林学、园艺学等领域光合作用机理研究。
扩展模块 P515/535 可测量跨膜质子动力势 pmf 及其组分跨膜质子梯度 ΔpH 和跨膜电位 Δψ 等，是叶绿素循环和光保护研究的强大工具。
扩展模块NADPH/9-AA，可测量 NADPH 荧光和 9-AA 荧光，估算 NADP 的还原程度和跨膜质子梯度 ΔpH。
主要技术参数
主机：通用型（DUAL-C），可接标准检测器，可扩展 P515/535，NADPH/9AA 等多种模块。
P700 双波长测量光：LED，830 nm 和 875 nm
PSII 荧光测量光：LED，460 nm（DUAL-DB）或 620 nm（DUAL-DR）
红色光化光：LED 阵列，635 nm；最大连续光强 3000 μmol m-2 s-1
蓝色光化光：LED，460 nm；最大连续光强 1100 μmol m-2 s-1
单周转饱和闪光（ST）：200000 μmol m-2 s-1，5～50 μs 可调
多周转饱和闪光（MT）：20000 μmol m-2 s-1，1～1000 ms 可调
远红光：720nm
选购指南
一、高等植物叶片测量基本款
系统组成：通用型主机，标准版检测单元，数据线，工作台，软件等
注意：高等植物叶片测量红光检测器（Dual-DR）和蓝光检测器（Dual-DB）可任选其一
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| 高等植物叶片测量基本款 |
二、悬浮样品测量基本款
系统组成：通用型主机，标准版检测单元，悬浮液的光学单元，数据线，工作台，软件等
注意：藻类测量时，蓝藻请选择红光检测器（Dual-DR），其他藻类可选蓝光检测器（Dual-DB）
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| 悬浮样品测量基本款 | |
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| 同步测量 PSII（红色）和 PSI（蓝色）的诱导曲线 | 同步测量 PSII（红色）和 PSI（蓝色）的光响应曲线 | 典型的 P700 测量曲线 |
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| 打开饱和脉冲时叶绿素荧光信号（红色）和 P700（蓝色）信号变化 | 以线性时间测量的荧光快速动力学曲线 | 以对数时间测量的荧光快速动力学曲线 |
三、其他扩展模块
扩展测量一：P515/535模块
 | P515/535 模块是 WALZ 公司为 DUAL-PAM-100 设计的测量模块，可以直接连接 DUAL-PAM-100 的主机，测量 550-510 nm 的差式吸收以及 535 nm 波长的信号变化。P515/535 模块可以测量光合器官的跨膜质子动力势（pmf）、跨膜电位（Δψ）、跨膜质子梯度（ΔpH）和玉米黄素（Zea）变化等内容。此外，该模块还提供一种特殊的 “P515 Flux” 操作模式，可让光化光以光-暗脉冲形式打开-关闭（1/1调制光/暗），原位测量活体样品处于稳态的偶联电子和质子的流动速率。 | ||
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| 通过测量 P515 变化得出质子动力势（pmf）两个组分 Δψ 和 ΔpH | 通过测量535 nm变化得出质子动力势（pmf）及其组分ΔpH | 同步测量P515和535 nm信号的光响应曲线 | |
扩展测量二：NADPH/9-AA 模块
NADPH/9-AA 模块是 WALZ 公司为 DUAL-PAM-100 设计的测量模块，可以直接连接 DUAL-PAM-100 的主机，测量 NADPH 荧光和 9-AA 荧光。NADPH 荧光可用于估算 NADP 的还原程度，9-AA 荧光用于估算跨膜质子梯度 ΔpH。该模块的一个很大特色是与标准探头联用，在国际上第一次做到了同步测量叶绿素荧光与 NADPH 荧光。
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| NADPH 探头图示 | 同步测量 NADPH 荧光（蓝色）与叶绿素荧光（红色） |
扩展测量三：与光合仪 GFS-3000 联用
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专为 DUAL-PAM-100 与 GFS-3000 的同步测量设计，由特制叶室（带温度和PAR传感器）、风扇、导光杆、电子盒与支架构成。同步测量时，光源完全由 DUAL-PAM-100 的测量头提供，气体交换由 GFS-3000 的红外分析器检测，P700 和叶绿素荧光由 DUAL-PAM-100 的检测器测量。 |
四、其他可选附件
1，Dual-DPD：单独的光电二极管检测器单元，通过导光杆连接到 ED‑101US/MD 上，配置 NADPH 模块时推荐选配。
2，Dual-DPM：单独的光电倍增管检测器单元，用于较稀的悬浮液荧光测量，需要装配到 ED-101US/MD 上使用。必须要同时配置测量头 DUAL-DB 或 DUAL-DR 来激发调制荧光。
3，ED-101US/T： 控温装置，安装在 ED-101US/MD 上，为悬浮液控温；可外接循环水浴来控温,
4，US-SQS/WB： 球状微型光量子探头，可插入样品杯中测量 PAR；由主机 DUAL-C 控制。
5，PHYTO-MS：磁力搅拌器，连接到光学单元 ED-101US/MD 的底部对悬浮液进行搅拌。
6，DUAL-OP：拟南芥等小叶片测量用适配器，特制透光小孔适配器套装，直径 7 mm、5 mm 和 3 mm，对于拟南芥等小叶片的 P700 测量非常重要！
产地：德国 WALZ
参考文献
数据来源：光合作用文献 Endnote 数据库，更新至 2021 年 1月，文献数量超过 10000 篇
原始数据来源：Google Scholar
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